Overview of the state of Estonia’s ecosystems, pressure factors, and mitigation measures.

The production and use of renewable energy are important goals in reducing environmental pollution.

Forest land covers approximately half of Estonia's land area, and its area changes have been small in recent decades.

Megatrends are extensive and slowly evolving changes that, once established, have a profound and long-term impact on various human activities, processes, and perceptions. They are already observable today and significantly shape the future of many people, countries, regions, and, to some extent, the entire world.

The good condition of Estonian soils has been preserved primarily due to limited land take by artificial surfaces, a short growing season, and the widespread use of sustainable farming practices.

On the status, trends, and mitigation measures of species in Estonia.

The oil shale industry is the largest waste generator in Estonia, accounting for over 70% of total waste generation.

Estonia is located in a relatively water-rich region, with an average annual precipitation of 600–750 mm, about 50% of which contributes to runoff. Estonia’s water resources consist mainly of surface water (rivers, lakes, and coastal areas) and groundwater.

According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), the global average temperature has increased by 1.1°C compared to pre-industrial levels, and the rise continues at a rate of 0.2°C every 10 years.