Key messages
- In Estonia, the concentrations of most air pollutants are among the lowest in Europe, and our air quality is comparable to that of the Nordic countries.
- Estonia met all major air pollutant emission reduction targets set for 2020 and has already partially met the targets set for 2030.
- Air pollution is currently the greatest environmental risk to human health, but it also significantly affects the condition of water bodies and ecosystems, such as potato yields.
- In 2020, Estonia’s ecosystems were estimated to have removed 1,180 tonnes of PM2.5 particulate matter, helping to save approximately 20.88 million annually in health-related costs.
Status
Ambient air quality monitoring is part of the national environmental monitoring program, commissioned by the Ministry of Climate and conducted by the Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EKUK). Estonia has a total of nine national ambient air monitoring stations—six urban and three background stations. In addition to national monitoring, several companies also carry out air quality monitoring. Ambient air contains numerous chemical compounds, but it is neither technically nor economically feasible to measure or regulate all of them. Therefore, the focus is on measuring key pollutants and assessing their health impacts, with maximum permissible levels established for these substances. In Estonia, air quality limit values have been set for 37 substances and substance classes. These include both substances regulated across Europe and those of local relevance, such as pollutants associated with the oil shale sector.
Factors